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Thursday, July 23, 2020

Happiness Advantage Notes

Notes from "The Happiness Advantage " (Author : Shawn Achor)

  • 69% of high school and college students report that their career decisions depended on chance encounters. 

  • Armed with positivity, the brain stays open to possibility. Priming your self to expect a favorable outcome actually And codes your brain do you recognize the outcome when it does in fact arise. The people who would claim to be unlucky in life again looked right past opportunity. Expecting positive outcomes actually makes them more likely to arise.
  • The best way to kickstart the positive Tetris effect is to make a daily list of the good things on your job, your career, and your life. When you write down a list of three good things that happened that day your brain will be forced to scan the last 24 hours for potential positive things that brought small or large laughs, feelings of accomplishment at work or strength and connection with family. In just five minutes this trains the brain to become more skilled at noticing and focusing on possibilities for growth and seizing opportunities. at the same time because we only can focus on so much at once, it makes brains push out those small annoyances And frustrations that used to loom large into the background and even out of our visual field altogether.

  • When our brains constantly scam for and focus on the positive, we profit from three of the most important tools: happiness, gratitude, and optimism

To be more honest it has to be about money we are not saving the dolphins here. This executive had primed his employees for failure. Saving the dolphins was meaningful but your job provides no meaning. He reminded everyone they had jobs not callings. Even a route or routine task can be meaningful if you find a good reason to be invested. You feel productive at the end of the day. You made life easier for a client or customer. You use your skills. You learn from my mistake. You have to find meaning in your job.

Rewrite your job description as a calling description. Highlight the meaning that can be derived from it then I asked them for their own personal goals in life. How can the current tasks be connected to this larger purpose. The more we can align our daily tasks without personal vision, the more likely we are to see work as a calling. Forget about your current job title what would you like customers to call your job title if they described it by the impact you have on their lives.

Spend money, but not on stuff. Spending money on other people call prosocial spending also boosts happiness. Money can’t buy happiness but can only if used to do things as opposed to simply having things.

Exercise the signature strength each time we use a skill, We experience a bust of positivity.4
Exercise meditate rich social relationships

Happy workers have higher levels of productivity

Feeling that we are in control, is one of the greatest drivers of both well-being and performance. Tending plants and careers the importance of control.Limit your focus to small manageable goals and that’s expand your sphere of power.

Given how important control is to our success, some of us feel overwhelmed by too many demands on our time , attention and abilities. The brain has two dueling components - one a knee-jerk like a emotional system (jerk) and a rational cognitive system (thinker).

The thinkers purpose is simple : think then react.
When we are feeling stressed or out-of-control, the jerk tends to take over.When we are under pressure, the body starts to build up too much cortisol. Once the stress has reached a critical point even the smallest setback can trigger an amygdala response hitting the brains panic button. When that happens, the Jerk overpowers the Thinkers defenses. Instead of think then react we go into fight or flight. When small stress is pileup over time as they do in the workplace, it takes a minor annoyance to lose control.

So how do we reclaim control from the jerk? The answer is the Zorro circle. The first goal is Self awareness. The quickest to recover of those who can identify how do you feeling and put those feelings into words. Write it down or talk to a trusted confidant verbalizing the stress and helplessness you are feeling this is the first step toward regaining control.

Then identify which aspects of the situation you have control over and which you don’t.

Identify one small goal that you know you can quickly accomplish. By narrowing the scope of action and focusing energy and efforts the likelihood of success increases. By tackling one small challenge at a time the narrow circle slowly expands outward. We can re-learn that our actions do have a direct effect on our outcomes and that we are largely the masters of our own fates.

I once worked with the head copy writer of an advertising firm. She managed a team of eight people. She was in charge of leading the creative meetings that brainstormed ideas for each client. For her first Zorro circle she set the following goal: to improve only the copy that she herself wrote. Recommitting herself to this manageable goal. Not only helped her focus her energy is on something she could handle the best part was that once her own performance improved his circle of influence did expand. The better her writing God, the harder her team worked to follow her example. The teams improved performance soon raised the bar for other departments.

Cleaning up the subway graffiti helped New York police Reduce crime on subways.

We are mere bundles of habits. If we have to make a conscious choice about every little thing we did all day, we would be overwhelmed by breakfast.

Create daily strokes of effort. The more people perform a particular action, the more connections form between the corresponding neurons. The stronger the link, the faster the message can travel down the pathway. This is how we become skilled at an activity. The first time you try to juggle, the neural pathways involved are unused and so the message Travels slowly. The more time you juggle, the more these pathways get reinforced, so that on the eighth day of practice the electrical currents are firing at a much more rapid pace. This is when you notice the juggling comes easier , requires less concentration, and that you can do it faster .


On not practicing my guitar:
Will power is not the way . Relying on will power to completely change behavior always fails.
The reason will power is so ineffective at sustaining change is that the more we use it, the more worn out it gets.

Group1 was given chocolate chip cookies which they were told not to eat. Group 2 was given cookies but they could eat. Group 3 was given no food at all.
They were then asked to solve some simple puzzles. Groups 2&3 long outlasted Group 1 at persevering at the task.
Why? Because the students who had to use the will power to avoid eating the cookies didn’t have the will power or mental energy left to struggle with the complex puzzle.

No matter how unrelated the tasks were, they all seemed to be tapping the same fuel source
.
Many different forms of self-control draw on a common resource or self control strength, which is quite limited and hence can be depleted readily.

Unfortunately, we face a steady stream of tasks that deplete will power every single day.
Whether it’s avoiding the dessert table, staying focused on a spreadsheet for hours, or sitting still through a three hour meeting, I will power is consistently being put to the test. So it’s no wonder really that we so easily give in to our old habits, do the easiest and most comfortable path as we progress during the day.

20 Second rule
Lowering the barrier by just 20 seconds can help form a new life habit.
Removing batteries for my remote, setting up the guitar in the middle of the living room.
The more effort it takes to obtain Unhealthy food, the less we eat of it.
Remove distractions. Sleep in gym clothes.

Every additional choice people asked to make, Their physical stamina, ability and overall focus drop dramatically. Every innocuous choice depletes our energy a little further. Until we just don’t have enough to continue with the positive habit we are trying to adopt.
Eliminate choices.

The key to reducing choice Is setting and following a few simple rules.
Setting rules in advance can free us from the constant barrage of willpower depleting choices that make a real difference in our lives. Example check email just once per hour, have just one coffee break for morning. Rules are especially helpful during the first few days of a behavior changing venture.
A manager wanted to have positive interaction, he made a simple rule ofThank one of his employees every day.

We need social contact to thrive. There was only one characteristic that distinguish the happiest 10% from everyone else: the strength of the social relationships.Work friendships were overwhelmingly placed above financial gains and individual status. The people we interviewed from good to great companies love what they did largely because they loved who they did it with.
Study show that the more team members are encouraged to socialize and interact face-to-face, the more engage the field, the more energy they have, and the longer they can stay focused.
Even brief encounters can form high-quality connections. One conversation, one email exchange, one moment of connecting can infuse both participants with a greater sense of vitality, giving them a bounce in their steps and greater capacity to act.

Of all the social ties we have at work, the boss/employee relationship call the vertical couple is the single most important social bond you can cultivate at work.
How we support people during good times, more than bad times, affects the quality of relationship. The winning response to good news is both active and constructive: it offers and pull the Astec support as well as specific comments and follow-up questions. Passive responses to good news: “that’s nice “ can be just as harmful as negative ones.
Mutual respect and authenticity.
Gratitude

Reaching for the stars is a recipe for failure. Set goals of moderate difficulty. Setting smaller more manageable goals helps us build our confidence and keeps us committed to the task at hand. “don’t write a book, write a page....”

The strategy of finding and improving small problems has helped businesses flourish. A focus on tiny incremental changes leads to Mammoth results.

Training ourselves to scan the world for the positive can help us re-interpret failures as opportunities for growth.
One way to build rapport, is with iContact rapport strengthens between two people when they lock eyes.

Take an executive who has been writing down a gratitude list each night. In the morning meeting, he speaks more positives And feels compelled to praise the work of one of his reports. this primes the recipients brain with positive emotions and they can work more creatively and efficiently. The confidence to go after bigger goals comes after having achieved a goal however small.

Sunday, June 14, 2020

At school you are not engaged so much in acquiring knowledge as in making mental efforts under criticism... you go to...school not so much for knowledge as for arts and habits; for the habit of attention, for the art of expression, for the art of assuming at a moment's notice, a new intellectual position, for the art of entering quickly into another person's thoughts, for the habit of submitting to censure and refutation, for the art of indicating assent or dissent in graduated terms, for the habit of regarding minute points of accuracy, for the art of working out what is possible in a given time; for taste, for discrimination, for mental courage and mental soberness.

William Johnson CoryHeadmaster at Eton, 1861

Saturday, April 11, 2020

The best business to own is : A business that sells a product that is needed or desired, that has no close substitute and whose profits are not regulated.

The worst business to own is a commodity business where products are indistinguishable from competitors.

In order to best understand a company, you first have to understand the industry. Start by looking at 7-8 companies in an industry. You need to know what the strengths of the company are in relation to the competition and what their moat is.  If you do not know how many competitors the company has, do not invest in the company. Ask management in each company which competitor they would put their net worth into.

Event   Probability    Outcome          Expectation
A            999/1000         $1                     $0.995
B                1/1000        -$10000            -$10
                                            Total           -$9.001
(Frequency of loss by itself irrelevant, consider it in connection with the magnitude of loss)

Accommodate this urge by dividing bets into Prime Bets and Action Bets. Prime bets are made when confidence to win is high  (EV/FCF <=11). Action Bets are reserved for long shots that satisfy the psychological need to play.

What mind-ware would you need to activate System 2 thinking ? At a minimum you would read a company's annual report and the annual reports of competitors. If it appears the company has a strong competitive position with a favourable long-term outlook, you would run several dividend discount models with different growth rates of the company's owner earnings to get an approximate valuation.

Wealthy people focus on owning great assets.
We've made less mistakes focusing on earnings and cash flow rather than asset value.

Time is the friend of a wonderful business and the enemy of a poor one.

Sunday, September 22, 2019


Forget Self-Esteem. Try Self-Compassion.
Stop lying to yourself that you’re so awesome. Instead, focus on forgiving yourself when you’re not. Why?
Research shows increasing self-compassion has all the benefits of self-esteem — but without the downsides.

Maybe you’re not buying it. Talking to yourself not doing it for you? Imagine someone who loves you saying the kind words instead. Research shows this delivers serious results.
Via Self-Compassion:

Practitioners first instruct patients to generate an image of a safe place to help counter any fears that may arise. They are then instructed to create an ideal image of a caring and compassionate figure… The training resulted in significant reductions in depression, self-attacking, feelings of inferiority, and shame.
Say you blow your diet and eat a whole bag of cookies. Now that voice in your head is beating you up. How would your loving grandma address the issue? Probably with less criticism and more like this…
Via Self-Compassion:

“Darling, I know you ate that bag of cookies because you’re feeling really sad right now and you thought it would cheer you up. But you feel even worse and are not feeling good in your body. I want you to be happy, so why don’t you take a long walk so you feel better?”
You need to dispute the negative thoughts and reframe them into something positive. Every time that critical voice starts yammering, instead imagine Grandma giving supportive advice.
You forgive others all the time. You need to start forgiving yourself more often.


https://www.bakadesuyo.com/2014/08/10-happier/


He said “Yes, you have to worry because that makes sense in order to function effectively. However, on the 17th time when you’re worrying about that same thing, maybe ask yourself one simple question: ‘Is it useful?’“
At some point, you have thought it through sufficiently and it’s time to move on. What I have learned how to do as a result of meditation is to draw the line between what I call “constructive anguish” and “unconstructive rumination” and that’s made me a lot happier.
You won’t lose your edge. You can still worry a bit. But when it gets out of hand ask yourself, “Is this useful?”

Thursday, September 19, 2019

from Fooled by Randomness

  • Say you own a painting you bought for $20K, and due to rosy conditions in the art market, it is now worth $40K. If you owned no painting, would you still acquire it at the current price?
  • If you would not, then you are said to be married to your position. There is no rational reason to keep a painting you would not buy at its current market rate.

  • -The information from an anonymous reader on Amazon.com is all about the person, while that of a qualified person is going to be all about the book.

  • -After collapse of the Soviet Union, many discovered an annoying part of its legal system. It had conflicting and contradictory laws.There is no central system that is consulted every time to ensure compatibility of all the parts together

  • Our minds are far more complicated than just a system of laws, and the requirement for efficiency is much higher. The absence of a central processing makes us engage in decisions which can be in conflict with each other.
  • The fact that your mind cannot retain and use everything you know is the cause of such biases. This makes it blind to reasoning.

Sunday, September 15, 2019

How To Stop Checking Your Phone: 4 Secrets From Research

You do not have a short attention span. 
Have you had multiple car crashes this week because you can’t pay attention to the road?See? You can pay attention when you “have to”. That’s not a short attention span. This means we lack attentional control, the difference between what we say we want to focus on and what we actually focus on.
This thing you call “your life” is made of memories. And your memories are made up of only the things you paid attention to. Exactly 2.32 bazillion things are happening in the world right now but all that exists for you and all that will ever exist is what you paid attention to. Attention determines your life and your happiness.
We think so much about the events in life and so little about attention, yet we all know that we can be experiencing something objectively great but not appreciate it because our attention is elsewhere, feeling we don’t deserve this, or worried we’ll screw it up, etc. In that way, attention is more important than the events themselves.
These days we spend so much time trying to get others attention yet the true determinant of our happiness is where we direct our own.
We have a “mind control” problem. But it’s not other people’s ability to control your mind. It’s your own.
 Our phones are merely the canary in the coal mine, warning us about the bigger problems with the attentional weakness that threatens our happiness and relationships.

This is from a new medical study on people addicted to their phones:
…the patients verbalized what the most appropriate social responses would be under certain circumstances. Yet, when actually performing, they instead pursued behavior aimed at immediate gratification, despite knowing the longer-term results would be self-defeating.
Well, I lied. That’s not from a study on phone addiction; it’s a description of people with prefrontal brain damage. the two have something in common. And we’ll get to the bottom of it by looking at the most famous story in all of psychology —
September 13, 1848. Phineas Gage is foreman  drilling holes in rock with explosives. He makes an error, things go boom, and the fourteen-pound, three-foot-long, inch-wide iron pipe he’s working with gets sent through his skull like a bullet. It flies in beneath his left eye and out the top of his head, landing 80-feet away…
stop-checking-your-phone
But he doesn’t die. In fact, he’s not even rendered unconscious. But as he recovers, the results of the brain damage become clear. He’s extremely impulsive, unable to plan or focus, and very short-tempered. His friends said he was “no longer Gage.
Humans are wonderful creatures  but we’re still animals. And the older parts of the brain are a tad more animalistic. What you think of as “you” is mostly the prefrontal cortex (PFC), and it often creates “you” by being the brakes that keep the animal in line. 
Phineas became impulsive because that rod shredded a big section of his brakes. But here’s our problem: even when your PFC is intact and healthy it’s still pretty weak compared to the parts of your brain creating those urgesOur current environment and often poor habits exhaust your poor little PFC. And when your PFC is overwhelmed, you’re not going to be who you want to be.
Gage actually recovered. Not completely, of course  but he became functional again. How?
He moved to Chile and became a stagecoach driver. And he was in an environment that forced him to focus, to plan, to socialize — to relearn control. It’s critical that “someone or something gave enough structure to their lives for them to relearn lost social and personal skills.”
We need to structure our lives and strengthen our lil’ PFC to focus in this world of distraction.
Time to strengthen our attentional control… 

1) Overall Health

If your body is weak and tired, your PFC is too. So exercise. Get your sleep.
Even a single bout of exercise improves cognitive control.
Boosts in cognitive control abilities occur even after engagement in a single bout of physical exertion, as assessed in healthy children and those diagnosed with ADHD, with benefits extending to academic achievement… Similar training benefits of acute and chronic exercise on cognitive control have been shown in both young adults and middle-age adults.
And a single bad night’s sleep reduces it.
…even a single bad night’s sleep can impair cognitive control and how ongoing sleep deprivation can have severe and long-term consequences.
And while we’re on the subject of oft-repeated basics, stop multitasking. The PFC is a weakling. You can really only focus on one thing at a time and cognitive “switching costs” are steeper than payday loans.
…if the two goals both require cognitive control to enact them, such as holding the details of a complex scene in mind (working memory) at the same time as searching the ground for a rock (selective attention), then they will certainly compete for limited prefrontal cortex resources… The process of neural network switching is associated with a decrease in accuracy, often for both tasks, and a time delay compared to doing one task at a time.
Now it’s time to change the world around us to make attentional control easier…

2) Control Your Context

One of the clearest and most profound lessons to come out of social psychology over the past few decades is that context matters. What surrounds you influences you — whether you realize it or not.
Clear distractions from your surroundings and it’s easier to focus. What’s the first step toward successful dieting? Don’t live in a bakery. Same principle applies here.
Turning your phone off and putting it in another room is — believe it or not — still legal in most countries. But most people think they can just ignore it. Yeah, it’s possible…
But it’ll cost you. According to MRI studies, ignoring is not a passive process. Whether you notice it or not, it takes brain effort.
Turn off notifications by default. Instead of unlocking your phone with a fingerprint or FaceID, switch it to a long password that’s a pain to type. Or best of all, just put it away and only get it at designated times.
The harder it is to check, the less you will check. 

3) Mindfulness

“Mindfulness,” he said, “boosts the classic attention network in the brain’s fronto-parietal system that works together to allocate attention. These circuits are fundamental in the basic movement of attention: disengaging your focus from one thing, moving it to another, and staying with that new object of attention.” Another key improvement is in selective attention, inhibiting the pull of distractors… Mindfulness strengthens connections between the prefrontal executive zones and the amygdala, particularly the circuits that can say “no” to impulse— a vital skill for navigating through life…
And the benefits described above extend well beyond phones — to being able to let go of nagging worries and to focus on the good in life. Meditation strengthens your PFC and increases happiness.
…average subjects who had completed an eight-week meditation course showed significantly increased activity in the left prefrontal regions that are linked to this optimistic, goal-oriented orientation.
I won’t lie — meditation can be difficult and it takes time. But increased attentional control is worth it, for you and those you love.  Follow the breath and keep your spouse.
Meditation is strong. But there is one method that is even stronger. 
Quite simply, it’s transforming you… 

4) Your Not-So-Secret Identity

“I’m just not the kind of person who would do that. That’s not who I am.”
And you would not struggle with this choice. It would be easy and painless. The most powerful method for gaining control over impulses is to leverage identity.
Ask yourself: “Who am I?” (No, not in the Jason Bourne way.) And, “What kind of person do I want to be?”
In Nir Eyal’s book, “Indistractable” he discusses a 2011 Stanford study that split a pool of registered voters into two groups, asking one cohort, “How important is it to you to vote?” and the other, “How important is it to you to be a voter?” Those asked the latter question were much more likely to turn out on election day.
A lot of previously hard decisions become answered for you once you accept a new identity. Identity can be hard to shift on your own.
So let peer pressure do the work for you. Spend more time with the people you want to be. People who have goals and ambitions beyond Instagram likes. People who would look at you funny if you impulsively whipped out your phone every three seconds.
The Longevity Project, which studied 1000+ people from childhood to death, said this:
The groups you associate with often determine the type of person you become. For people who want improved health, association with other healthy people is usually the strongest and most direct path of change.
If you don’t have a group, one friend will do. Nir suggests an “identity pact.” Hold each other accountable and become better together.
We don’t check our phones when we hang out. That’s just not who we are.
(To learn how to deal with passive-aggressive people, click here.) 

Sum Up

This is how to stop checking your phone:
  • Overall Health: Get your sleep and exercise.
  • Control Your Context: Your phone is not a pacemaker or an insulin pump. You can turn it off and put it away. Distractions drain your brain whether you notice it or not.
  • Mindfulness: Imagine being able to let go of the negative, to focus on the positive and to get a second chance to decide before impulsively engaging in bad habits. Won’t make you one of the Avengers, but it’s a superpower nonetheless.
  • Your Not-So-Secret Identity: Who are you? I could summarize this in greater detail but I’m just not the kind of writer who does that. It’s not who I am.
We spend so much time, money and energy to do things to be happier — because the secret to happiness is more experiences that make you happy, right?
Wrong.
Ed Diener and Martin Seligman screened over 200 undergraduates for levels of happiness, and compared the upper 10% (the “extremely happy”) with the middle and bottom 10%. Extremely happy students experienced no greater number of objectively positive life events, like doing well on exams or hot dates, than did the other two groups (Diener & Seligman, 2002).
You don’t need more happy things if you can control your attention and focus on the good stuff already present in your life. It’s the essence of gratitude. Attentional control allows you to savor what is here instead of anxiously checking your phone, hoping for something to lift your spirits.
One study took three groups of people and had them go for daily walks. First group was told to focus on the good things they noticed, second one on the bad, third was told just to walk for exercise. What was the result?
At the end of the week, when the walkers’ well-being was tested again, those who had deliberately targeted positive cues were happier than before the experiment. The negatively focused subjects were less happy, and the just plain exercisers scored in between. The point, says Bryant, is that “you see what you look for. And you can train yourself to attend to the joy out there waiting to be had, instead of passively waiting for it to come to you.”
You can be the kind of person who really feels and appreciates the good in life. The kind of person who has deep focus and attentional control. You have it in you. I know it. 

Sunday, July 28, 2019

Black Swan :

-Iam skeptical about confirmation, not about disconfirmation. A single instance can disconfirm even though plenty of data can confirm.
-I worry less about small failures, more about large, potential ones.
-I worry less about advertised and senstaional risks, more about vicious hidden ones. I worry less about terrorism than diabetes.
-I do not worry a lot, I try to worry about matters I can do something about.

-I try to stay light on my feet, reduce my surprises, I want to be broadly right than precisely wrong.

-Every morning the world appears more random than it did the day before.
-Someone who is marginally better can easily win the entire pot, leaving the others with nothing.
-A person can get slightly ahead for entirely random reasons, and everyone flocks to him. The world of contagion is so underestimated.
-In academia, cliques of people who quote one another are formed. Those who got a good push in the beginning of their scholarly careers will keep getting persistent cumulative advantages throughout life.

-Of the 500 largest US companies in 1957, only 74 were still part of S&P500, forty years later. Most shrank or went bust.

Chapter 13
What you should avoid is unnecessary dependence on large-scale harmful predictions-those and only those.
-Maximize the serendipity around you.
-

Thursday, July 18, 2019

Most Productive People: 6 Things They Do Every Day

1) Manage Your Mood

Most productivity systems act like we’re robots — they forget the enormous power of feelings.
If you start the day calm it’s easy to get the right things done and focus.
But when we wake up and the fray is already upon us — phone ringing, emails coming in, fire alarms going off — you spend the whole day reacting.
Here’s Tim:
I try to have the first 80 to 90 minutes of my day vary as little as possible. I think that a routine is necessary to feel in control and non-reactive, which reduces anxiety. It therefore also makes you more productive.




Studies demonstrate happiness increases productivity and makes you more successful.
As Shawn Achor describes in his book The Happiness Advantage:
…doctors put in a positive mood before making a diagnosis show almost three times more intelligence and creativity than doctors in a neutral state, and they make accurate diagnoses 19 percent faster. Optimistic salespeople outsell their pessimistic counterparts by 56 percent. Students primed to feel happy before taking math achievement tests far outperform their neutral peers. It turns out that our brains are literally hardwired to perform at their best not when they are negative or even neutral, but when they are positive.
So think a little less about managing the work and a little more about managing your moods. 

2) Don’t Check Email In The Morning

Why is checking email in the morning a cardinal sin? You’re setting yourself up to react.
An email comes in and suddenly you’re giving your best hours to someone else’s goals, not yours.
You’re not planning your day and prioritizing, you’re letting your objectives be hijacked by whoever randomly decides to enter your inbox.
Here’s Tim:
…whenever possible, do not check email for the first hour or two of the day. It’s difficult for some people to imagine. “How can I do that? I need to check email to get the information I need to work on my most important one or two to-dos?”
You would be surprised how often that is not the case. You might need to get into your email to finish 100% of your most important to-dos. But can you get 80 or 90% done before you go into Gmail and have your rat brain explode with freak-out, dopamine excitement and cortisol panic? Yes.
Research shows email:
  1. Stresses you out.
  2. Can turn you into a jerk.
  3. Can be more addictive than alcohol and tobacco.
  4. And checking email frequently is the equivalent of dropping your IQ 10 points.

3) Before You Try To Do It Faster, Ask Whether It Should Be Done At All

Everyone asks, “Why is it so impossible to get everything done?” But the answer is stunningly easy:
You’re doing too many things.

4) Focus Is Nothing More Than Eliminating Distractions

Top CEOs are interrupted every 20 minutes. How do they get anything done?
By working from home in the morning for 90 minutes where no one can bother them:
They found that not one of the twelve executives was ever able to work uninterruptedly more than twenty minutes at a time—at least not in the office. Only at home was there some chance of concentration. And the only one of the twelve who did not make important, long-range decisions “off the cuff,” and sandwiched in between unimportant but long telephone calls and “crisis” problems, was the executive who worked at home every morning for an hour and a half before coming to the office.

5) Have A Personal System

Great systems work because they make things automatic, and don’t tax your very limited supply of willpower.
What do we see when we systematically study the great geniuses of all time? Almost all had personal routines that worked for them.
(“Give and Take” author Adam Grant consistently writes in the mornings while Tim always writes at night.)
How do you start to develop your own personal system? Apply some “80/20” thinking:
  1. What handful of activities are responsible for the disproportionate number of your successes?
  2. What handful of activities absolutely crater your productivity?

6) Define Your Goals The Night Before

Research says you’re more likely to follow through if you’re specific and if you write your goals down.